Little Red Riding Hood part 3 (Ukrainian)

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Notes
The phrase Вона й не знала can be broken down into its grammatical components as follows:
1. **вона** - This is the pronoun meaning "she". It is the subject of the sentence.
2. **й** - This is a conjunction that means "and". In this context, it can serve to connect ideas, but it is often used in Ukrainian for emphasis or to add contrast. Here it can imply that there was a negation or something contrary to expect.
3. **не** - This is a negation particle, meaning "not". It negates the verb that follows it.
4. **знала** - This is the past tense form of the verb "знати," which means "to know." The suffix of "знала" indicates that the subject is singular and feminine (because "вона" is feminine).
Putting it all together, "вона й не знала" translates literally to "she and not knew," but more naturally, it means "she did not know." The use of "й" adds a layer of emphasis, suggesting that there was something notable about her lack of knowledge. It often conveys that there was an expectation that she might know something, but in fact, she did not.

The phrase "що то за клятий звір" can be broken down into its grammatical components as follows:
1. **що** - This word means "what." It is an interrogative pronoun used to ask questions or to express surprise.
2. **то** - This is a demonstrative pronoun meaning "it" or "that." It is often used for emphasis and can translate to "that" in English when referring to something previously mentioned or implied.
3. **за** - This preposition can mean "for" or "about" depending on the context. In this case, it contributes to the phrase's overall meaning.
4. **клятий** - This is an adjective meaning "cursed," "damned," or "evil." It conveys a strong negative sentiment about the noun it modifies, which in this case is "звір."
5. **звір** - This noun means "animal" or "beast." It is the subject of the phrase.
Putting it all together, "що то за клятий звір" literally translates to "what that for cursed animal," but a more natural English translation captures the meaning as "what an evil animal" or "what a damned beast he was." The structure expresses a sense of wonder or disgust about the nature of the animal being described.

Let's break down the phrase "а тому зовсім не злякалася його" into its grammatical components:
1. **а** - This is a conjunction that means "and" or "but" in English. It often introduces a contrast or an explanation in the context, similar to "but" in English.
2. **тому** - This word means "that is why" or "because of that." It is derived from "той," which means "that." Here, it is functioning as a reason for something mentioned earlier in the conversation or text.
3. **зовсім** - This is an adverb meaning "completely" or "entirely." It emphasizes the degree to which something is applicable, in this case, negation.
4. **не** - This is the negation particle meaning "not." It negates the verb that follows.
5. **злякалася** - This is the past tense form of the verb "злякатися," which means "to be afraid" or "to get scared." The suffix indicates that the subject is singular and feminine, which matches the pronoun that would be used (she).
6. **його** - This is a pronoun in the genitive case meaning "him." It is the object of the verb "злякатися," indicating who she was not afraid of.
Putting it all together, "а тому зовсім не злякалася його" translates more naturally to "and that's why she wasn't afraid of him." The structure indicates that her lack of fear has a specific reason, which is referred to by "тому." The use of "зовсім" adds emphasis, indicating that she was entirely not afraid.

In the phrase "а тому зовсім не злякалася його," the word **"тому"** is in the **dative case**.
In Ukrainian, the dative case is often used to express the meaning "to" or "for," and it can also indicate a reason or cause, which is the case here. "Тому" translates to "that is why" or "because of that," serving as an explanation, so it conveys the idea of reason effectively in the dative form.
In summary, **"тому"** is a form of the pronoun "той" (that) used in the dative case.

Let's break down the Ukrainian phrase "Красно дякую, вовче, добридень і тобі." into its component parts:
1. **Красно**: - Means "many" or "a lot" in this context, often used to intensify gratitude. It conveys a sense of deep appreciation.
2. **дякую**: - Means "thank you." This is the verb for expressing gratitude.
3. **вовче**: - Means "wolf" in the vocative case. It is used here as a term of endearment or a way to address someone affectionately. The vocative case in Ukrainian is used when directly addressing someone.
4. **добридень**: - Means "good day." This is a common greeting in Ukrainian.
5. **і**: - Means "and." It’s a conjunction used to connect phrases or ideas.
6. **тобі**: - Means "to you." It is in the dative case, indicating the recipient of the greeting or sentiment.
So, the entire phrase "Красно дякую, вовче, добридень і тобі." translates to "Many thanks, wolf, good day to you too."

Let's break down the Ukrainian phrase "А куди це ти чимчикуєш так рано, Червона Шапочко?" into its component parts:
1. **А**: - Means "and" or "but," often used to introduce a question or to express contrast.
2. **куди**: - Means "where." It is a question word used to inquire about a place or direction.
3. **це**: - Means "this" or "it." In this context, it is used as a copula, linking the subject to the action.
4. **ти**: - Means "you." This is the second-person singular pronoun.
5. **чимчикуєш**: - This is a verb form from "чомчикувати," which means “to go” or “to walk” with a hint of a leisurely or light gait. The suffix indicates that the action is happening in the present tense for "you."
6. **так**: - Means "so" or "such." In this context, it modifies the adjective indicating the degree of "early."
7. **рано**: - Means "early." It describes the time of day.
8. **Червона Шапочко**: - This means "Red Riding Hood." Here, "Червона" means "Red," and "Шапочко" is the diminutive form of "шапка," which means "cap" or "hood." In this context, it is used as a proper name and is in the vocative case, indicating direct address.
So, the entire phrase "А куди це ти чимчикуєш так рано, Червона Шапочко?" translates to "And where are you going so early, Red Riding Hood?"

The word **"це"** in Ukrainian is a pronoun that translates to **"this," "it,"** or **"these"** in English, depending on the context. It's often used to indicate something that is nearby or can be emphasized in conversation.
You can interpret **"А куди це ти чимчикуєш так рано, Червона Шапочко?"** as **"Where is it you are going so early, Red Riding Hood?"**

Let's break down the sentence **"А що ти несеш у фартушку?"** which translates to **"And what are you carrying in your apron?"**
1. **А**: - **Translation**: "And" - **Function**: This word often serves to introduce a new thought or question, connecting it to a previous statement or context.
2. **що**: - **Translation**: "what"  - **Function**: This is an interrogative pronoun used to ask about something.
3. **ти**: - **Translation**: "you" - **Function**: This is the second-person pronoun, indicating who the question is directed towards.
4. **несеш**: - **Translation**: "are carrying" or "are bringing" - **Function**: This is a verb in the second person singular present tense of "нести" (to carry or to bring). It indicates the action being performed by "ти" (you).
5. **у**: - **Translation**: "in" - **Function**: This is a preposition that indicates location.
6. **фартушку**: - **Translation**: "apron" - **Function**: This is a noun in the accusative case, singular form. "Фартушок" (fartushok) is the word for "apron," but in this context, it's used in the accusative as the object of the preposition "у."

The sentence **"Вчора мама напекла пирогів, то нехай і старенька недужа бабуся трохи поласує та підживиться."** translates to:
**"Yesterday, Mom baked some pies, so let the old sick grandmother have a little treat and nourish herself."**
### Breakdown:
- **Вчора** = "Yesterday"
- **мама** = "Mom"
- **напекла** = "baked" (past tense)
- **пирогів** = "some pies" (plural, genitive case indicating quantity)
- **то** = "so" (connecting the two parts of the sentence)
- **нехай** = "let" (indicating permission or allowance)
- **і** = "and"
- **старенька** = "old" (a diminutive form, expressing affection)
- **недужа** = "sick" (referring to the grandmother's health)
- **бабуся** = "grandmother"
- **трохи** = "a little" (indicating a small amount)
- **поласує** = "have a treat" (future tense)
- **та** = "and"
- **підживиться** = "nourish herself" (future tense)

Let's break down the sentence **"А де ж твоя бабуся живе?"**, which translates to **"And where does your granny live?"**
1. **А**: - **Translation**: "And" - **Function**: This word serves to connect the current question to a previous statement, implying a continuation of the conversation.
2. **де**: - **Translation**: "where" - **Function**: This is an interrogative adverb used to ask about a location.
3. **ж**: - **Translation**: "then" or "well" (often adds emphasis) - **Function**: This particle is used for emphasis in questions, adding a tone of curiosity or surprise.
4. **твоя**: - **Translation**: "your" - **Function**: This is the second-person singular possessive pronoun, indicating ownership.
5. **бабуся**: - **Translation**: "granny" or "grandmother" - **Function**: This is a noun referring to the grandmother in a familiar, affectionate way.
6. **живе**: - **Translation**: "lives" - **Function**: This is a verb in the third person singular present tense of "жити" (to live), indicating the action performed by "бабуся" (grandmother).
- The use of "ж" adds emphasis to the question, making it slightly more engaging.